Humming-Bird

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Humming-Bird is a simple, composable, and performant web-framework for Raku on MoarVM. Humming-Bird was inspired mainly by Sinatra, and Express, and tries to keep things minimal, allowing the user to pull in things like templating engines, and ORM's on their own terms.

Features

Humming-Bird has 2 simple layers, at the lowest levels we have Humming-Bird::Glue which is a simple "glue-like" layer for interfacing with Humming-Bird::Backend's. Then you have the actual application logic in Humming-Bird::Core that handles: routing, middleware, error handling, cookies, etc.

Powerful function composition based routing and application logic
- Routers
- Groups
- Middleware
- Advice (end of stack middleware)
- Simple global error handling
- Plugin system
Simple and helpful API
- get, post, put, patch, delete, etc
- Request content will be converted to a Raku Hash if possible
- Static files served have their content type infered
- Request/Response stash's for inter-layer route talking
Swappable backends

Note: Humming-Bird is not meant to face the internet directly. Please use a reverse proxy such as Apache, Caddy or NGiNX.

How to install

Make sure you have zef installed.

Install latest

zef -v install https://github.com/rawleyfowler/Humming-Bird.git

Install stable

zef install Humming-Bird

Performance

See this for a more detailed performance preview vs. Ruby's Sinatra using Humming-Bird::Backend::HTTPServer.

Examples

Simple example:

use v6.d;

use Humming-Bird::Core;

get('/', -> $request, $response {
    $response.html('<h1>Hello World</h1>');
});

listen(8080);

# Navigate to localhost:8080!

Simple JSON CRUD example:

use v6.d;

use Humming-Bird::Core;
use JSON::Fast; # A dependency of Humming-Bird

my %users = Map.new('bob', %('name', 'bob'), 'joe', %('name', 'joe'));

get('/users/:user', -> $request, $response {
    my $user = $request.param('user');

    if %users{$user}:exists {
        $response.json(to-json %users{$user});
    } else {
        $response.status(404).html("Sorry, $user does not exist.");
    }
});

post('/users', -> $request, $response {
    my %user = $request.content; # Different from $request.body, $request.content will do its best to decode the data to a Map.
    if my-user-validation-logic(%user) { # Validate somehow, i'll leave that up to you.
        %users{%user<name>} = %user;
        $response.status(201); # 201 created
    } else {
        $response.status(400).html('Bad request');
    }
});

listen(8080);

Using plugins

use v6.d;

use Humming-Bird::Core;

plugin 'Logger'; # Corresponds to the pre-built Humming-Bird::Plugin::Logger plugin.
plugin 'Config'; # Corresponds to the pre-built Humming-Bird::Plugin::Config plugin.

get('/', sub ($request, $response) {
    my $database_url = $request.config<database_url>;
    $response.html("Here's my database url :D " ~ $database_url);
});

listen(8080);

Routers

use v6.d;

use Humming-Bird::Core;
use Humming-Bird::Middleware;

# NOTE: Declared routes persist through multiple 'use Humming-Bird::Core' statements
# allowing you to declare routing logic in multiple places if you want. This is true
# regardless of whether you're using the sub or Router process for defining routes.
my $router = Router.new(root => '/');

plugin 'Logger';

$router.get(-> $request, $response { # Register a GET route on the root of the router
    $response.html('<h1>Hello World</h1>');
});

$router.get('/foo', -> $request, $response { # Register a GET route on /foo
    $response.html('<span style="color: blue;">Bar</span>');
});

my $other-router = Router.new(root => '/bar');

$other-router.get('/baz', -> $request, $response { # Register a GET route on /bar/baz
    $response.file('hello-world.html'); # Will render hello-world.html and infer its content type
});

# No need to register routers, it's underlying routes are registered with Humming-Bird on creation.
listen(8080);

Middleware

use v6.d;

use Humming-Bird::Core;
use Humming-Bird::Middleware;

get('/logged', -> $request, $response {
    $response.html('This request has been logged!');
}, [ &middleware-logger ]); # &middleware-logger is provided by Humming-Bird::Middleware

# Custom middleware
sub block-firefox($request, $response, &next) {
    return $response.status(400) if $request.header('User-Agent').starts-with('Mozilla');
    $response.status(200);
}

get('/no-firefox', -> $request, $response {
    $response.html('You are not using Firefox!');
}, [ &middleware-logger, &block-firefox ]);

listen(8080);

Since Humming-Bird 3.0.4 it may be more favorable to use plugins to register global middlewares.

Swappable Backends

use v6.d;

use Humming-Bird::Core;

get('/', -> $request, $response {
    $response.html('This request has been logged!');
});

# Run on a different backend, assuming: 
listen(:backend(Humming-Bird::Backend::MyBackend));

More examples can be found in the examples directory.

Swappable backends

In Humming-Bird 3.0.0 and up you are able to write your own backend, please follow the API outlined by the Humming-Bird::Backend role, and view Humming-Bird::Backend::HTTPServer for an example of how to implement a Humming-Bird backend.

Plugin system

Humming-Bird 3.0.4 and up features the Humming-Bird Plugin system, this is a straight forward way to extend Humming-Bird with desired functionality before the server starts up. All you need to do is create a class that inherits from Humming-Bird::Plugin, for instance Humming-Bird::Plugin::OAuth2, expose a single method register which takes arguments that align with the arguments specified in Humming-Bird::Plugin.register, for more arguments, take a slurpy at the end of your register method.

Here is an example of a plugin:

use MONKEY-TYPING;
use JSON::Fast;
use Humming-Bird::Plugin;
use Humming-Bird::Core;

unit class Humming-Bird::Plugin::Config does Humming-Bird::Plugin;

method register($server, %routes, @middleware, @advice, **@args) {
    my $filename = @args[0] // '.humming-bird.json';
    my %config = from-json($filename.IO.slurp // '{}');

    augment class Humming-Bird::Glue::HTTPAction {
        method config(--> Hash:D) {
            %config;
        }
    }

    CATCH {
        default {
            warn 'Failed to find or parse your ".humming-bird.json" configuration. Ensure your file is well formed, and does exist.';
        }
    }
}

This plugin embeds a .config method on the base class for Humming-Bird's Request and Response classes, allowing your config to be accessed during the request/response lifecycle.

Then to register it in a Humming-Bird application:

use Humming-Bird::Core;

plugin 'Config', 'config/humming-bird.json'; # Second arg will be pushed to he **@args array in the register method.

get('/', sub ($request, $response) {
    $response.write($request.config<foo>); # Echo back the <foo> field in our JSON config.
});

listen(8080);

Design

Humming-Bird should be easy to pickup, and simple for developers new to Raku and/or web development.
Humming-Bird is not designed to be exposed to the internet directly. You should hide Humming-Bird behind a reverse-proxy like NGiNX, Apache, or Caddy.
Simple and composable via middlewares.

Things to keep in mind

This project is in active development, things will break.
You may run into bugs.
This project is largely maintained by one person.

Contributing

All contributions are encouraged! I know the Raku community is amazing, so I hope to see some people get involved :D

Please make sure you squash your branch, and name it accordingly before it gets merged!

Testing

Install App::Prove6

zef install --force-install App::Prove6

Ensure that the following passes:

cd Humming-Bird
zef install . --force-install --/test
prove6 -v -I. t/ it/

License

Humming-Bird is available under the MIT, you can view the license in the LICENSE file at the root of the project. For more information about the MIT, please click here.